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Copilot for Microsoft 365 - my eager interns


I've been playing around with Copilot for Microsoft 365 for a few months now. I like to think of Copilot as my new interns:

  • Copilot is still learning what I do and what is helpful for me - the more descriptive I can be in my questions, instructions, 'prompts', the more helpful I find the information Copilot provides
  • Copilot is eager to help, sometimes so much so that it makes things up - don't assume that just because it provided a reference for its information that what it has provided is accurate. I truly wish some of the Excel functions and formulas it has provided me exist, but alas they do not. Copilot often jumbles different languages, gets confused, or even just pulls things out of thin air. It is a generative AI tool, so it's really great at generating new content, and sometimes that includes things that don't exist and aren't helpful.
  • Copilot is conversational - talking to it like a human intern (rather than trying to craft a search result like I normally do in Google) seems to get better results. I have learned that adding in those extra words and providing some additional context are really helpful. 
  • Copilot needs breaks too - sometimes starting a new chat will give better results. Copilot remembers what you've discussed earlier in the conversation, so if you are stuck in a loop where it's making up unhelpful information, try opening a new chat and starting fresh.
  • Copilot for Word has different capability to Copilot for Excel, which is different again from Copilot for PowerPoint, etc - treat each Copilot as a different 'intern'. Copilot for PowerPoint isn't that great at generating new content, but Copilot for Word does a fantastic job at this. I find that I often need to swap between the different Copilots to complete a single task.
  • Copilot is constantly evolving - I am starting to actually like Copilot for Excel, whereas my first impression was that it was slow and not very useful. I have learned that Copilot evolves quickly, and it's not always obvious. Asking the exact same question two days in a row can produce different results. So, while first impressions are lasting, it's important to keep an open mind about what Copilot may be capable of tomorrow.

Below are some of the things I've found most helpful about Copilot so far.

Copilot for Teams

This is probably where people are most buzzing about Copilot. It will take very detailed notes for you. If you'd like Copilot to record something specific as an action, state that during the meeting. If there are multiple people in the same room, let Copilot know who the action is for or who's speaking.

Copilot for Excel

Clean Data with Copilot

I use lots of tables in my Excel files, and I'm fairly detail oriented, so for the most part my tables are consistent and there are some clear patterns, but I am human so I'm not perfect.

Copilot pops up when I open an existing spreadsheet and offers suggestions for how I might like to tidy up my raw data - it's really clear which cells of the workbook it's going to edit before I click apply, and it lets me step through each suggestion so I still feel like I'm in control.


screenshot Clean Data for Excel with copilot

If the 'Clean Data' prompt doesn't appear but you think there might be something in your table to clean up, you can find the 'Clean Data' button in the 'Data' tab in the ribbon: 

Screenshot of Clean Data button

Explain Formula

Copilot is fantastic and deciphering formulas and explaining them in plain English. It does this for existing formulas, and formulas that you ask it to help write.

Unfortunately for existing formulas it can't yet read directly from the selected cell:


Screenshot Copilot

But once you provide Copilot with the formula, it happily explains it for you. Below is an example of Copilot explaining the formula: 

=IFERROR([@[Total Price (NZD)]]/([@[End Date]]-[@[Start Date]]), "")

The explanation it provided me with is: 

This formula calculates the average daily price by dividing the total price by the number of days between the start and end dates. If there is an error in the calculation (e.g., if the start or end date is missing), it returns an empty string.

      • [@[Total Price (NZD)]]: References the total price in the current row.
      • [@[End Date]]-[@[Start Date]]: Calculates the number of days between the end date and the start date in the current row.
      • IFERROR(..., ""): If the division results in an error, it returns an empty string instead of an error message.

Screenshot Copilot

I think it consistently does a good job of explaining formulas. If I ask it to simplify the formula, I get a nice compliment that my formula is already quite simple, but it offers an alternative, inside a code box with an icon that makes it easy for me to copy this formula and paste it into Excel:

screenshot

I still would like Excel Copilot to interact more with my data, I think it's a bit silly that I have to copy the formula into the table myself for example, but at least it helps guide me on what to do.

Generate Formula Columns

Excel Copilot may not edit existing columns, but it's quite good at generating new columns. When you ask it to create a new column, you have the option to click the 'Insert column' button and Copilot will add the new column to your table automagically. Clicking on the 'Show explanation' button will provide a similar explanation to the one we saw in the example above. I have found the Generate Formula Columns experience with Copilot to be very consistent, and helpful when I'm not sure how to approach the problem, or if I'm trying to explain something in plain English to a new user. 

If I already know the formula I want, I find it's still quicker to just do it myself as Copilot spends a bit of time thinking. 

Show Data Insights

The Show Data Insights can be hit or miss, but I do like how it creates a dashboard style page of my insights, and gives me some design inspiration for how to format the charts. 

Copilot for PowerPoint

I am still learning how to get Copilot for PowerPoint to interact directly with my presentation. I want it to be more helpful with formatting images and layouts, etc. It does a great job of telling me what I need to do, but won't do it for me.

Create a presentation from file

Where I've found it really helpful is in turning a word document into a presentation. Copilot takes the content and breaks it down into bite-size (or slide-size) chunks. Any text from the Word doc that it doesn't put in the slide itself, it adds to the notes section. From here, it's easy to change the images, delete or add a few things.

Make information easier to understand

I am really liking the create presentation from file so much, that I'm giving it two headings. While Word's Copilot can do a great job of summarizing documents for me, the PowerPoint Copilot makes documents visual - which for me is much easier to understand. I've started turning Word docs into PowerPoint presentations simply for my own benefit and understanding, even if I don't need to present the content to anyone else. I have a feeling PowerPoints are going to make a big comeback.

Creating placeholder slides

One thing that took a bit of trial and error, was getting PowerPoint to split my Agenda slide into one slide for each item. Slides that I could use as section headers or starters for the content. I find this works best when the Agenda slide is simple, and the details are in the notes or elsewhere in the presentation.

Conclusion

Copilot is definitely helpful, but needs to be used by a knowledgeable and responsible human in order to get helpful results. 


Power BI Themes


I am a big fan of color; my wardrobe is full of blues and pinks and yellows. Side note: have you ever heard of 'dopamine dressing'? Apparently it's a fashion trend that's been around since at least 2022 but I'm just learning about it now - I'm actually impressed I'm only a season or two behind! 

But I digress, the reason for my post today is to compile some of my favorite resources for working with color in Power BI, and more generally, Power BI themes.


Sentiment Colors in Bar chart


Colors have meaning

Being a good data storyteller means using all the tools at your disposal. This includes color. It is important to note that I'm not advocating the use of color only in your reports - you need to ensure that there is another method to discern what's going on with the data for those in your audience who might be colorblind. But that doesn't mean we can't play around with color and use it to add meaning to our reports. 

Most people I know would agree that GREEN means 'Good' and RED means 'Bad'. But colors can be very personal. For example, my favorite color is BLUE and it was also the color I chose for my math notebooks throughout school. (Yes, math was my favorite subject - I guess it's no surprise I ended up in a career that works so much with data.) My school subjects were always color coded as follows:

  • BLUE - Math
  • GREEN - Science
  • RED - English
  • YELLOW - History

So what does this mean for your Power BI reports? Use color to your advantage. You may not be reporting on school subjects, but you can assign colors to whatever categories or metrics you're reporting on according to your own meaning and interpretation. BLUE is also the color of the sky, water, a common color in many country's flags and so much more. Using the AdventureWorks Sales data as an example, you could assign colors to the product categories as follows:

  • GREEN - Bikes
  • PURPLE - Accessories
  • YELLOW - Components
  • RED - Clothing

If you're reporting on 2 or 3 different metrics, assign a different color to each one and use that consistently throughout your report:

  • BROWN - Actual
  • RED - Budget
  • Light BROWN - Prior Year Actual

Whatever colors you use, make sure you're using them deliberately and with meaning. Adding lots of extra color to your report may give the impression that it's more exciting, but it may have the unwanted result of making your report more difficult to read and understand.

Create your own Power BI theme

I've written a few posts on Power BI themes, and the functionality of themes in Power BI desktop has improved dramatically over the years. 

You have a few options when creating your own theme in Power BI:

  1. Use the built-in theme designer within Power BI desktop
  2. Import a theme someone else has created in JSON
  3. Create and import your own theme using JSON

It used to be extremely difficult to find documentation for creating your own JSON theme in Power BI, but that has gotten easier. The Microsoft Learn article Use report themes in Power BI Desktop - Power BI | Microsoft Learn is a great place to start. 

However, with the speed of development of Power BI desktop, there's just not enough documentation on the new visuals. 

This is a great start: powerbi-desktop-samples/Report Theme JSON Schema at main · microsoft/powerbi-desktop-samples · GitHub

But not everything is documented there. One trick I've learned is that you can use the Power BI project files to explore the JSON code in Power BI desktop and copy that into your own theme. 

How to find the JSON code for formatting visuals in Power BI themes

For example, I'm going to use this method to find the formatting options for Power BI themes.

Step 1: Add the visual you want to format in your theme to a new blank report. 

Step 2: Change the formatting options that you want available for editing within your theme.

Step 3: Save AS - save your report as a .pbip file. When you choose this option, Power BI will save a couple folders with various files into the folder you choose.

Step 4: Open the visual.json file - you'll find this in the MyReportsName.Report > definition > pages folder. This can be difficult to navigate which is why I start Step 1 with a blank new report.

Step 5: Explore the code to discover the names of the visual and the properties.

Step 6: Use those names in your JSON theme, following the instructions from Use report themes in Power BI Desktop - Power BI | Microsoft Learn 

Power BI Color Picker

While my go-to resource for anything color related is usually Coolors.co - I've been inspired to make my own little color picker that calculates the contrast and displays a demo live in Power BI. The thing I like about this tool that I've created is it lets you adjust the colors using RGB method, so if you want to just add a bit of red hue you can, and the contrast value is calculated automatically without needing to switch tools. 

It makes me feel almost like an artist mixing colors in a paint palette. Except, since we're playing with digital colors, mixing the maximum value of all three colors makes white. This follows the light color spectrum, where white light indicates the presence of all colors, and black is the absence of all colors. So if you select 0 for each RGB value, you'll get black.

Have a play with the color picker below and see what you think!


Reference Power BI theme colors in DAX

Now for the REALLY cool bit: this is the straw that finally inspired me to publish today's blog - I was doing research for a talk I was giving and came across this Workout Wednesday challenge on using Power BI theme colors within your DAX:

2024 Week 26 | Power BI: Reference Theme Sentiment Colors in DAX – Workout Wednesday (workout-wednesday.com)

(If you haven't heard of Workout Wednesday - I highly recommend you check them out. They have fantastic demos and challenges for all skill levels and it's a great way to get inspiration.)

This is something I've wanted to do for years, but haven't known how. Just like with everything else in Power BI themes, it all comes down to know which names to use. 

So far, I have discovered the following color names from the theme can be used in your DAX code:

  • good
  • neutral
  • bad
  • maxColor (note this is called 'maximum' in the theme)
  • midColor (note this is called 'center' in the theme)
  • minColor (note this is called 'minimum' in the theme)
  • tableAccent
  • foreground (note this is also called 'firstLevelElements' in the theme)
  • foregroundNeutralSecondary (note this is also called 'secondLevelElements' in the theme)
  • backgroundLight (note this is also called 'thirdLevelElements' in the theme)
  • foregroundNeutralTertiary (note this is also called 'fourthLevelElements' in the theme)
  • background 
  • backgroundNeutral (note this is also called 'secondaryBackground' in the theme)

Sample Theme Colors with DAX conditional formatting

Thanks also to thinkBI for inspiring me to see what other theme colors are available for use beyond what was in the WOW solution. 


References I used to study up for this blog post:

2024 Week 26 | Power BI: Reference Theme Sentiment Colors in DAX – Workout Wednesday (workout-wednesday.com) - the original inspiration for this post and source of some working theme color names in DAX.

Color Contrast Checker - Coolors - one of my go to resources whenever I need to do something with colors.

Reference Power BI theme colors in DAX - thinkBI - source of some additional working theme color names in DAX that inspired me to test out all the theme colors I know the names for.

Choosing font color based on background color in Power BI – XXL BI - Special thanks to Daniil Maslyuk for his measure on font color and David Eldersveld's comment that inspired me to convert it to use Luminance instead of Intensity.

Color Relative Luminance Calculator (WCAG) (contrastchecker.online) - to learn how to calculate Luminance.

RGB - Hexadecimal Color Conversion (tripod.com) - to learn how to convert HEX to RGB and better understand what had been done by Daniil in his Font Color measure.

List of Unicode characters - Wikipedia - again, to better understand what had been done by Daniil.

Chris Webb's BI Blog: Colour Names Supported In Power BI Conditional Formatting (crossjoin.co.uk) - Chris Webb has been one of my go to blogs for many years. This particular post is quite old and many of these colors no longer seem to work in Power BI DAX, but it led me to the correct link of CSS colors that did all seem to work in DAX.

CSS Colors (w3schools.com) - the correct link of CSS colors that work in Power BI DAX.

JSON Editor Online: edit JSON, format JSON, query JSON 

powerbi-desktop-samples/Report Theme JSON Schema at main · microsoft/powerbi-desktop-samples · GitHub - JSON code for many of the classic Power BI visuals.

Power BI Icon Names for Conditional Formatting Using DAX - RADACAD - Not used in this blog but a really great resource for conditional formatting in DAX. 


Microsoft Fabric Learn Together: Episode 1 - Get started with end-to-end analytics and lakehouses in Microsoft Fabric


The Microsoft Fabric Learn Together series has kicked off this week. This means you can prep for the new DP-600: Implementing Analytics Solutions Using Microsoft Fabric exam with the guidance and support of experts, live and in real time, for free!

You can complete the Microsoft Learn modules in your own time by following the 'self-paced' option (scroll down after clicking the exam link above), or you can register for the Microsoft Fabric Learn Together series.

Personally, I find it difficult to focus and learn on my own, so am really enjoying the Learn Together series. I also find it helps when I write stuff down, so I'll be using this blog to capture my own thoughts and key takeaways from each session. 

If you missed the first few, don't worry, you can still catch up - just click the 'Register' button and it will take you straight to the recording. 

This episode covers two modules.

Introduction to end-to-end analytics using Microsoft Fabric

It's always good to start at the beginning - this intro reminded me just how vast Fabric is. It truly does take a team, and the 'data teams' highlighted in this module be familiar, or you may have a slightly different setup in your org. I recommend firing up your own personal tenant trial to have a play with all the features as you're going through these modules - it ensures you can explore all the options and toggle things on and off without needing to wait for that other team member to enable things. 

Once you've got stuff figured out, you'll see how all the pieces fit together and how easy it is to work as a team within Microsoft Fabric - and so customisable too!

Get started with lakehouses in Microsoft Fabric

Data lake + data warehouse = lakehouse

Get the best of both worlds - just like working remote from a lakehouse, you get the structure

My cliff notes on Episode 1: Get Started with end-to-end analytics and lakehouses in Microsoft Fabric.

My key takeaways from the Learn Together session by Heidi and Treb:

  • Don't be intimidated by the jargon (aka confusing technical terms).
  • 'End-to-End Analytics' means your whole analytics team can work from one place; MS Fabric is your one stop shop for data engineers, data scientists, data analysts, and decision makers.
  • 'Lakehouse' is not just a holiday destination - and it's waaaay easier to build a Fabric Lakehouse to import and transform data, than it is to build a holiday home (and maybe even cheaper too?).
  • While some of us wear many hats and work across lots of roles, Fabric is huge and you'll likely stumble upon stuff that looks foreign and new to you - you're not alone.
  • There's multiple ways to achieve the same outcome, find a way that works for you!
  • The good stuff is under the ... ellipsis menu
  • Stick around for the exercise; you'll surprise yourself with how familiar some of the concepts are when you see them in action.

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